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An Indian man smoking through a hookah, Rajasthan, India.. A hookah (also see other names), [1] [2] [3] shisha, [3] or waterpipe [3] is a single- or multi-stemmed instrument for heating or vaporizing and then smoking either tobacco, flavored tobacco (often muʽassel), or sometimes cannabis, hashish and opium. [3]
Smoking most commonly leads to diseases affecting the heart and lungs and will commonly affect areas such as hands or feet. First signs of smoking-related health issues often show up as numbness in the extremities, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attacks, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and cancer, particularly lung cancer, cancers of the larynx and ...
Nicotine is addictive, which can make quitting hookah difficult and cause withdrawal symptoms such as irritability and depression when people go without smoking hookah for an extended time. Smoking muʽassel in a hookah also releases secondhand smoke that harms the health of those around the smoker. Secondhand smoke from hookahs contains carbon ...
Health risks include respiratory problems and cancers, particularly of the lungs and throat. Most life insurance companies place pipe smokers in the smoker category, leading to higher premiums.
Common adverse effects of tobacco smoking. The more common effects are in boldface. [87] Cancer prevention poster from New Zealand. Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and a global public health concern. [88] There are 1.3 billion tobacco users in the world, as per latest data from WHO. [17]
The health effects of tobacco had been debated by users, medical experts, and governments alike since its introduction to European culture. [1] Hard evidence for the ill effects of smoking became apparent with the results of several long-term studies conducted in the early to middle twentieth century, such as the epidemiology studies of Richard Doll and pathology studies of Oscar Auerbach.
The overall health risks are 10% higher in pipe smokers than in non-smokers. [6] However, pipe or cigar smokers who are former-cigarette smokers might retain a habit of smoke inhalation. [6] In such cases, there is a 30% increase in the risk of heart disease and a nearly three times greater risk of developing COPD. [6]
Less clear than the health impacts of tobacco use—though still concerning to many medical professionals—is the impact upon health and society at large of nicotine-only products, and the sheer preponderance and rapid growth of what is their relatively recent adoption for use: that is, nicotine-containing products which do not contain tobacco ...