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The initial endocrine evaluation includes testing for levels of TSH and free T4, prolactin, LH, FSH, estradiol (E2), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). [9] FHA patients may display a combination of the following: FSH concentrations that are normal but lower than LH levels, low or low normal LH, E2 <50 pg/mL, and progesterone <1 ng/mL. [6]
LH levels are normally low during childhood and in women, high after menopause. Since LH is secreted as pulses, it is necessary to follow its concentration over a sufficient period of time to get proper information about its blood level. During reproductive years, typical levels are between 1 and 20 IU/L. Physiologic high LH levels are seen ...
If a uterus is present, LH and FSH levels are used to make a diagnosis. [13] Low levels of LH and FSH suggest delayed puberty or functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. [13] Elevated levels of FSH and LH suggest primary ovarian insufficiency, typically due to Turner syndrome. [13] Normal levels of FSH and LH can suggest an anatomical outflow ...
FSH levels in this time is often called basal FSH levels, to distinguish from the increased levels when approaching ovulation. [16] FSH is measured in international units (IU). For Human Urinary FSH, one IU is defined as the amount of FSH that has an activity corresponding to 0.11388 mg of pure Human Urinary FSH. [17]
Testing serum LH and FSH levels are often used to assess hypogonadism in women, particularly when menopause is believed to be happening. These levels change during a woman's normal menstrual cycle, so the history of having ceased menstruation coupled with high levels aids the diagnosis of being menopausal.
This leads to olfactory problems such as anosmia, optic defects like color blindness, and results in hypothalmic deficiencies associated with low levels of LH, affecting sex hormone testosterone in males or estrogen and progesterone in females. Diagnosis normally occurs during teenage years when puberty fails to start. [4]
The anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH at high levels to try to increase the low estrogen levels that are due to the dysfunction of the ovaries. Typical FSH in POI patients is over 40 mlU/ml (post-menopausal range). [2]
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), also known as primary or peripheral/gonadal hypogonadism or primary gonadal failure, is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism which is due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and in turn a lack of sex steroid production. [1]