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The New Women's Association (NWA, also known as New Women's Society [1] 新婦人協会, Shin-fujin kyōkai) was a Japanese women's rights organization founded in 1919. [2] The organization strove to enhance women's rights in the areas of education, employment, and suffrage. [ 3 ]
A growing number of young women are remaining unmarried in Japan today, a development often viewed as a rebellion against the traditional confines of women's restrictive roles as wives and mothers. In 2004, 54% of Japanese women in their 20s were single, as opposed to 30.6% in 1985. [34]
Women's Environment & Development Organization – Advocates women’s equality in global policy (created 1990) Women's International Democratic Federation – founded in 1945 in Paris, organization aimed at improving women's economic rights; Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) – Women's peace movement (created 1915)
The following is a list of current and historical women's universities and colleges in Japan. A women's college is an institution of higher education where enrollment is all-female. Most of these are private universities ; a few are funded by the prefectural governments; the only two funded by the national government are Nara and Ochanomizu .
Women in Japan were recognized as having equal legal rights to men after World War II. Japanese women first gained the right to vote in 1880, but this was a temporary event limited to certain municipalities, [6] [7] and it was not until 1945 that women gained the right to vote on a permanent, nationwide basis. [8]
The first training school for women teachers is opened. [71] Japan Women are allowed to study in the USA (though not yet in Japan itself). [142] New Zealand Universities open to women. [143] 1872: Sweden First female university student: Betty Pettersson. [137] Japan Compulsory elementary education for both girls and boys. [144] Ottoman Empire
The education for women in the Meiji-period was heavily influenced by the essay "Creating Good Mothers", written by Nakamura Masanao. He argued that to create a stronger Japan, women should represent the religious as well as moral foundations in the households, acting as educators of their children and better halves of their husbands. [8]
The evolution of these groups from the protests is the subject of Kōji Wakamatsu's 2007 film United Red Army. [95] The aftermath of the protests also led to the rise of Japanese feminism. Women were constrained in their ability to protest during the movement, especially in Japanese society, where women's roles were more traditional.