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The smallest known extrasolar planet that might be a gas dwarf is Kepler-138d, which is less massive than Earth but has a 60% larger volume and therefore has a density 2.1 +2.2 −1.2 g/cm 3 that indicates either a substantial water content [ 19 ] or possibly a thick gas envelope. [ 20 ]
The smallest known extrasolar planet that is likely a "gas planet" is Kepler-138d, which has the same mass as Earth but is 60% larger and therefore has a density that indicates a thick gas envelope. [16] A low-mass gas planet can still have a radius resembling that of a gas giant if it has the right temperature. [17]
For the giant planets, the "radius" is defined as the distance from the center at which the atmosphere reaches 1 bar of atmospheric pressure. [ 11 ] Because Sedna and 2002 MS 4 have no known moons, directly determining their mass is impossible without sending a probe (estimated to be from 1.7x10 21 to 6.1×10 21 kg for Sedna [ 12 ] ).
Kepler-37e is listed with a radius of 0.37 ± 0.18 R 🜨 in the Exoplanet Archive based on KOI data, but the existence of this planet is doubtful, [21] and assuming its existence, a 2023 study found a mass of 8.1 ± 1.7 M 🜨, inconsistent with such a small radius.
Sudarsky's classification of gas giants for the purpose of predicting their appearance based on their temperature was outlined by David Sudarsky and colleagues in the paper Albedo and Reflection Spectra of Extrasolar Giant Planets [1] and expanded on in Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets, [2] published before any successful direct or indirect observation of an ...
Four planets in this system (d, e, f and g) orbit within the habitable zone. [112] System with most stars Kepler-64: PH1b (Kepler-64b) 4 PH1b has a circumbinary orbit. 30 Arietis Bb was believed to be either brown dwarf or a massive gas giant in a quadruple star system until later studies revealed a true mass well above 80 M Jup. [113]
The gas giants in our solar system — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune — are much denser. This giant gas planet is as fluffy and puffy as cotton candy Skip to main content
The size of the star was obtained using asteroseismology; [7] Kepler-37 is currently the smallest star to be studied using this process. [6] This allowed the size of Kepler-37b to be determined "with extreme accuracy". [6] To date, Kepler-37b is the smallest planet discovered around a main-sequence star [b] outside the Solar System. [4]