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Bradycardia, also called bradyarrhythmia, is a resting heart rate under 60 beats per minute (BPM). [1] While bradycardia can result from various pathologic processes, it is commonly a physiologic response to cardiovascular conditioning or due to asymptomatic type 1 atrioventricular block.
Obstructive sleep apnea which is the repeated disruption of breathing during sleep due to obstruction to the airway; Inflammatory disease, such as lupus or rheumatic fever; Buildup of iron in the organs known as hemochromatosis
With paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea specifically, it is felt while sleeping and causes a person to wake up after about 1 to 2 hours of sleep. [ 3 ] More serious forms of dyspnea can be identified through accompanying findings, such as low blood pressure, decreased respiratory rate, altered mental status, hypoxia, cyanosis, stridor, or unstable ...
"The sleep of a two-year-old looks different than a 20-year-old, which looks different than a 70-year-old. Older adults wake up more frequently during the night and this is considered normal."
Often sinus node dysfunction produces no symptoms, especially early in the disease course. Signs and symptoms usually appear in more advanced disease and more than 50% of patients will present with syncope or transient near-fainting spells as well as bradycardias that are accompanied by rapid heart rhythms, referred to as tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome [4] [5] Other presenting signs or ...
It can have many potential causes, including genetics, lifestyle habits, and underlying health issues. Some types of cardiovascular disease, such as some cardiomyopathies, develop due to factors ...
Arrhythmias, also known as cardiac arrhythmias, are irregularities in the heartbeat, including when it is too fast or too slow. [2] A resting heart rate that is too fast – above 100 beats per minute in adults – is called tachycardia, and a resting heart rate that is too slow – below 60 beats per minute – is called bradycardia. [2]
While this formula is commonly used (and easy to remember and calculate), research has consistently found that it is subject to bias, particularly in older adults. [46] Compared to the age-specific average HR max, the Haskell and Fox formula overestimates HR max in young adults, agrees with it at age 40, and underestimates HR max in older adults.