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The following list contains a selection from the Latin abbreviations that occur in the writings and inscriptions of the Romans. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A few other non-classical Latin abbreviations are added. Contents:
Abbreviations for common praenomina are standardized (for a list, see praenomen#Masculine names). When expanding abbreviations, be aware that C. stands for Gaius, and Cn. for Gnaeus, though Caius and Cnaeus may be found in older literature; M. for Marcus and M'. for Manius are easily confused. Filiations are sets of abbreviations that denote ...
By contrast, in imperial times the cognomen became the principal distinguishing element of the Roman name, and although praenomina never completely vanished, the essential elements of the Roman name from the second century onward were the nomen and cognomen. [2] Naming conventions for women also varied from the classical concept of the tria ...
The same is true of some widely used reference works, such as "LSJ" for Liddell and Scott's Greek dictionary or "RE" (or sometimes "PW") for the Pauly-Wissowa's 82-volume encyclopedia of Classical scholarship, the Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. These acronyms are listed in the abbreviation list of the OCD. [11] [12]
The abbreviation is used in citations. Not to be confused with id. id. idem "the same" (man) [1] It is used to avoid repeating the name of a male author (in citations, footnotes, bibliographies, etc.) When quoting a female author, use the corresponding feminine form, ead. , "the same" (woman). i.a. inter alia "among other things"
The most common abbreviations, called notae communes, were used across most of Europe, but others appeared in certain regions. In legal documents, legal abbreviations, called notae juris, appear but also capricious abbreviations, which scribes manufactured ad hoc to avoid repeating names and places in a given document. [3]
Acronyms are created to shorten long phrases and speed up communication, much like abbreviations and initialisms. While these terms are similar, they do have distinct differences to note.
Roman bronze, then later copper, coin used during the Augustine period equal in value to 1/4 of a sestertius. At that time the daily wage of a Roman laborer was equal to three sestertius. Astragal Molding profile composed of a half-round surface surrounded by two flat planes (fillets). An astragal is sometimes referred to as a miniature torus.