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The crested penguins are all similar in appearance, having sharply delineated black and white plumage with red beaks and prominent yellow crests. Their calls are more complex than those of other species, with several phrases of differing lengths. [9] The royal penguin (mostly) has a white face, while other species have black faces.
This species is a medium-sized, yellow-crested, black-and-white penguin, growing to approximately 55 cm (22 in) [6] long and weighing on average 3.5 kg (7.7 lb), with a weight range of 2 to 5 kg (4.4 to 11.0 lb). [6] The face possesses white markings and the front is white while the head and body are black. [6]
Chinstrap penguin. Penguins are birds in the family Spheniscidae in the monotypic order Sphenisciformes. [1] They inhabit high-productivity marine habitats, almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere; the only species to occur north of the Equator is the Galapagos penguin.
Highly adapted for life in the ocean water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch with their bills and swallow whole while swimming. A penguin has a spiny tongue and powerful jaws to grip slippery prey. [5]
Sphenisciformes (from the Latin for "wedge-shaped") is the taxonomic order to which the penguins belong. BirdLife International has assessed 18 species. 16 (89% of total species) have had their population estimated: those missing are the king and little penguins , both of which have been assessed as being of least concern .
Galápagos penguins protect their eggs and chicks from the hot sun by keeping them in deep crevices in the rocks. Galápagos penguin swimming in water. The Galápagos penguins' flipper-like wings and streamlined bodies enhance their easy movements in water. [14] Their white and black colors also aid in thermal regulation and camouflaging. [14]
Gentoo penguins can reach a length of 70 to 90 cm (28 to 35 in), [19] [20] making them the third-largest species of penguin after the emperor penguin and the king penguin. Males have a maximum weight around 8.5 kg (19 lb) just before moulting and a minimum weight of about 4.9 kg (11 lb) just before mating.
The Adélie penguin is a mid-sized bird, measuring 70–73 cm (28–29 in) in length and weighing 3.8 to 8.2 kg (8.4 to 18.1 lb). [13] [14] Although the sexes look the same, females have shorter wings and beaks and weigh significantly less. [14] The adult is black on the head, throat and upper parts, with snowy white underparts.