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Brand equity, in marketing, is the worth of a brand in and of itself – i.e., the social value of a well-known brand name.The owner of a well-known brand name can generate more revenue simply from brand recognition, as consumers perceive the products of well-known brands as better than those of lesser-known brands.
Aaker is the creator of the Aaker Model, a marketing model that views brand equity as a combination of brand awareness, brand loyalty, and brand associations. [11] The model outlines the necessity of developing a brand identity, which is a unique set of brand associations representing what the brand stands for and offers to customers an aspiring brand image.
A PDF file is organized using ASCII characters, except for certain elements that may have binary content. The file starts with a header containing a magic number (as a readable string) and the version of the format, for example %PDF-1.7. The format is a subset of a COS ("Carousel" Object Structure) format. [24]
Brand extension is the system of employing a current brand name to enter a different product class. Having a strong brand equity allows for brand extension; for example, many fashion and designer companies extended brands into fragrances, shoes and accessories, home textile, home decor, luggage, (sun-) glasses, furniture, hotels, etc ...
Brand equity Within the literature, it is possible to identify two distinct definitions of brand equity. Firstly an accounting definition suggests that brand equity is a measure of the financial value of a brand and attempts to measure the net additional inflows as a result of the brand or the value of the intangible asset of the brand. [48]
Some studies show that negative impact may dilute brand image and equity. [7] [8] In spite of the positive impact of brand extension, negative association and wrong communication strategy do harm to the parent brand even brand family. [9] A brand's "extendibility" depends on how strong consumer's associations are to the brand's values and goals.
[5]: Q6, Q7 ResearchGate uses a crawler to find PDF versions of articles on the homepages of authors and publishers. [5]: Q6 These are then presented as if they had been uploaded to the web site by the author: [ 5 ] : Q7, Q8 the PDF will be displayed embedded in a frame, and only the button label "External Download" indicates that the file was ...
PDF is a complex format designed for publishing output, not for any further modifications. PDFedit is a low-level tool for technical users that provides structured access to the internal structure of the PDF file. It may require familiarity with PDF specifications to be able to make substantial modifications.