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In geology, a rock composed of different minerals may be a compositional data point in a sample of rocks; a rock of which 10% is the first mineral, 30% is the second, and the remaining 60% is the third would correspond to the triple [0.1, 0.3, 0.6]. A data set would contain one such triple for each rock in a sample of rocks.
A sample space is usually denoted using set notation, and the possible ordered outcomes, or sample points, [5] are listed as elements in the set. It is common to refer to a sample space by the labels S, Ω, or U (for "universal set"). The elements of a sample space may be numbers, words, letters, or symbols.
The table shown on the right can be used in a two-sample t-test to estimate the sample sizes of an experimental group and a control group that are of equal size, that is, the total number of individuals in the trial is twice that of the number given, and the desired significance level is 0.05. [4] The parameters used are:
In text and tables, the abbreviation "d.f." is commonly used. R. A. Fisher used n to symbolize degrees of freedom but modern usage typically reserves n for sample size. When reporting the results of statistical tests, the degrees of freedom are typically noted beside the test statistic as either subscript or in parentheses [6].
Therefore, several authors recommend using a single chart that can simultaneously monitor ¯ and S. [8] McCracken, Chackrabori and Mukherjee [9] developed one of the most modern and efficient approach for jointly monitoring the Gaussian process parameters, using a set of reference sample in absence of any knowledge of true process parameters.
In Latin hypercube sampling one must first decide how many sample points to use and for each sample point remember in which row and column the sample point was taken. Such configuration is similar to having N rooks on a chess board without threatening each other. In orthogonal sampling, the sample space is partitioned into equally probable ...
In probability theory, an elementary event, also called an atomic event or sample point, is an event which contains only a single outcome in the sample space. [1] Using set theory terminology, an elementary event is a singleton. Elementary events and their corresponding outcomes are often written interchangeably for simplicity, as such an event ...
The sample extrema can be used for a simple normality test, specifically of kurtosis: one computes the t-statistic of the sample maximum and minimum (subtracts sample mean and divides by the sample standard deviation), and if they are unusually large for the sample size (as per the three sigma rule and table therein, or more precisely a Student ...