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Indian alchemy may refer to: Rasayana; History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent; See also. A History of Hindu Chemistry, a two-volume book by Prafulla ...
An alchemist is a person versed in the art of alchemy. Western alchemy flourished in Greco-Roman Egypt, the Islamic world during the Middle Ages, and then in Europe from the 13th to the 18th centuries. Indian alchemists and Chinese alchemists made contributions to Eastern varieties of the art. Alchemy is still practiced today by a few, and ...
Two famous early Indian alchemical authors were Nāgārjuna Siddha and Nityanātha Siddha. Nāgārjuna Siddha was a Buddhist monk. His book, Rasendramangalam, is an example of Indian alchemy and medicine. Nityanātha Siddha wrote Rasaratnākara, also a highly influential work.
Kumārajīva's biography for example, describes Nāgārjuna making an elixir of invisibility, and Bus-ton, Taranatha and Xuanzang all recount that he could turn rocks into gold. The most recent comprehensive discussion of the complicated text-historical issues connected with the name Nāgārjuna is given in the History of Indian Medical Literature.
Nagarjunacharya, was one of the prominent chemists in the history of Indian alchemy. He ran many experiments in his laboratory known as the "Rasashala". [ 5 ] His book, Rasaratanakaram is a known example of ancient Indian medicine, in which he describes the procedure of transmuting base metals like mercury, into gold.
The text contains detailed descriptions of various complex metallurgical processes, [3] [4] as well as descriptions of how to set up and equip a laboratory and other topics concerning Indian alchemy. It is a work that synthesises the writings and opinions of several earlier authors and presents a coherent account of medieval Indian alchemy.
It comprises the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, the Indian Air Force, and the Indian Coast Guard. [291] The official Indian defence budget for 2011 was US$36.03 billion, or 1.83% of GDP. [ 292 ] Defence expenditure was pegged at US$70.12 billion for fiscal year 2022–23 and, increased 9.8% than previous fiscal year.
Pseudo-Geber – later Latin alchemist who wrote the influential Summa perfectionis. Roger Bacon – staunch proponent of the use of alchemy. Paracelsus – developer of iatrochemistry. Robert Boyle – alchemist critical of Paracelsus, credited as the father of modern chemistry. Mary Anne Atwood – key figure in the occult revival of alchemy.