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The combined death toll of civilians for the Battle of Manila was about 100,000, most of which was attributed to massacres by Japanese forces. [10] [11] [2] Some historians, citing a higher civilian casualty rate for the entire battle, suggest that 100,000 to 500,000 died as a result of the Manila massacre on its own, exclusive of other causes.
Political turmoil in Spain led to 24 governors being appointed to the Philippines from 1800 to 1860, [1]: 85 often lacking any experience with the country. [ 10 ] : 144 Significant political reforms began in the 1860s, with a couple of decades seeing the creation of a cabinet under the Governor-General and the division of executive and judicial ...
Gabriel Fabrero Fabella (July 18, 1898 – January 29, 1982) was a prominent Filipino historian during the 20th century. He is primarily known as the historian behind Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal's decision to issue Proclamation No. 28 on May 12, 1962, which changed the date of Philippine independence from July 4, 1946 to June 12, 1898 – the date when Philippine President Emilio ...
The dictatorship of 10th Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos in the 1970s and 1980s is historically remembered for its record of human rights abuses, [1] [2] particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, [3] journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against his dictatorship.
Historians Glenn May in 1983 and Rene Escalante in 1998 conclude that Aguinaldo's cause had multiple fatal weaknesses: they blame his inept political leadership; his strategic and tactical military blunders; his loss of mass support; his alienation of the Catholics; his failure to mobilize the Filipino elite; squabbling and corruption among his ...
Massacred along with 26 others in a banquet hosted by Rajah Humabon shortly after the death of Ferdinand Magellan in the Battle of Mactan. 25 October 1593 Gomez Perez Dasmariñas, Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines: Killed in a mutiny by Chinese rowers during a Spanish military expedition to the Moluccas. 1596 Magalat, Cagayano rebel 1608
Date of death Age at death (years) Cause Norberto Romualdez [1] Nacionalista: November 4, 1941 66 Heart attack Daniel Maramba: Nacionalista: December 28, 1941 71 Tuberculosis [6] José Ozámiz: Nacionalista: February 11, 1944 45 Executed by the Japanese during World War II [7] Vicente Y. Sotto: Popular Front: March 28, 1950 [8] 73 Tomás ...
The political killings in the Philippines, with an estimated death toll of over 1,200 in 2010, began during the administration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in 2001. These include extrajudicial harassment, torture, disappearances and murder of civilian non-combatants by the military and police.