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The term tractive effort is often qualified as starting tractive effort, continuous tractive effort and maximum tractive effort.These terms apply to different operating conditions, but are related by common mechanical factors: input torque to the driving wheels, the wheel diameter, coefficient of friction (μ) between the driving wheels and supporting surface, and the weight applied to the ...
Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction; when this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the normal force and is termed the coefficient of traction (similar to coefficient of friction).
The large disk closer to the top is connected to the engine, the smaller one drives the wheels via chains (missing here). A friction drive [1] [2] or friction engine is a type of transmission that utilises the static friction of two smooth surfaces (instead of contact pressure of meshing teeth) to transfer torque between two rotating parts.
The word traction from Latin, being the agent noun of trahere "to pull" in the sense of "drawn" [1] [2] [3] was used for the naming of traction engines developed circa 1870. [4] The first experimental electric traction motor tramway of 1875 was rapidly developed internationally for city use.
The predecessor of modern electronic traction control systems can be found in high-torque, high-power rear-wheel-drive cars as a limited slip differential.A limited-slip differential is a purely mechanical system that transfers a relatively small amount of power to the non-slipping wheel, while still allowing some wheel spin to occur.
The circle of forces, traction circle, friction circle, [1] or friction ellipse [2] [3] [4] is a useful way to think about the dynamic interaction between a vehicle's tire and the road surface. The diagram below shows the tire from above, so that the road surface lies in the xy - plane .
The torque tube consists of a large diameter stationary housing between the transmission and rear end that fully encloses a rotating tubular steel or small-diameter solid drive shaft (known colloquially in the U.S. as a "rope drive" [1]) that transmits the power of the engine to a regular or limited-slip differential. [2]
The front-engine front-wheel-drive layout also has this advantage. Since the engine is typically the heaviest component of the car, putting it near the rear axle usually results in more weight over the rear axle than the front, commonly referred to as a rear weight bias. The farther back the engine, the greater the bias.