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This is a list of wars involving Germany from 962. It includes the Holy Roman Empire, Confederation of the Rhine, the German Confederation, the North German Confederation, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, the German Democratic Republic (DDR, "East Germany") and the present Federal Republic of Germany (BRD, until German reunification in 1990 known as "West Germany").
Cross of Iron: The Rise and Fall of the German War Machine, 1918–1945 (2007) excerpt and text search; Murray, Williamson. Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe 1933–1945 (1983) Probert, H. A. The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force 1933–1945 (1987), history by the British RAF; Ripley, Tim. The Wehrmacht: The German Army in World War II ...
This article provides a list of wars occurring between 1800 and 1899. Conflicts of this era include the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, the American Civil War in North America, the Taiping Rebellion in Asia, the Paraguayan War in South America, the Zulu War in Africa, and the Australian frontier wars in Oceania.
Thirty Years' War: A war began which would cause massive devastation and loss of life, primarily in Germany. [29] [30] 1629: 6 March: Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II issued the Edict of Restitution, which demanded that lands expropriated since and in contradiction to the terms of the Peace of Augsburg be restored to the Catholic Church. 1631: ...
For 30 years, Germany struggled against Britain to be Europe's leading industrial power. Representative of Germany's industry was the steel giant Krupp, whose first factory was built in Essen. By 1902, the factory alone became "A great city with its own streets, its own police force, fire department and traffic laws.
About 100 years later, Walther von der Vogelweide became the most celebrated of the Minnesänger, who were Middle High German lyric poets. Around 1439, Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz, used movable type printing and issued the Gutenberg Bible. He was the global inventor of the printing press, thereby starting the Printing Revolution.
The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History (2011), 862 pp; 35 essays by specialists; Germany since 1760 excerpt; Wilson, Peter H. Europe's Tragedy: A New History of the Thirty Years War (2009) Wunder, Heide. He is the sun, she is the moon: Women in early modern Germany (Harvard UP, 1998).
Michael Hughes notes that in regards to Germany, "nationalism was a minority movement, deeply divided and with only a marginal impact on German political life". [10] German newspapers were almost exclusively concerned with local affairs or their respective state governments, and the individual German states cultivated loyalty towards themselves.