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  2. Automatic calculation of particle interaction or decay

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_calculation_of...

    It refers to computing tools that help calculating the complex particle interactions as studied in high-energy physics, astroparticle physics and cosmology. The goal of the automation is to handle the full sequence of calculations in an automatic (programmed) way: from the Lagrangian expression describing the physics model up to the cross ...

  3. Cunningham correction factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunningham_correction_factor

    d is the particle diameter; A n are experimentally determined coefficients. For air (Davies, 1945): [2] A 1 = 1.257 A 2 = 0.400 A 3 = 0.55. The Cunningham correction factor becomes significant when particles become smaller than 15 micrometers, for air at ambient conditions. For sub-micrometer particles, Brownian motion must be taken into account.

  4. Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothed-particle...

    Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method used for simulating the mechanics of continuum media, such as solid mechanics and fluid flows. It was developed by Gingold and Monaghan [ 2 ] and Lucy [ 3 ] in 1977, initially for astrophysical problems.

  5. Euler's three-body problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_three-body_problem

    The problem of two fixed centers conserves energy; in other words, the total energy is a constant of motion.The potential energy is given by =where represents the particle's position, and and are the distances between the particle and the centers of force; and are constants that measure the strength of the first and second forces, respectively.

  6. Stokesian dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokesian_dynamics

    Stokesian dynamics [1] is a solution technique for the Langevin equation, which is the relevant form of Newton's 2nd law for a Brownian particle.The method treats the suspended particles in a discrete sense while the continuum approximation remains valid for the surrounding fluid, i.e., the suspended particles are generally assumed to be significantly larger than the molecules of the solvent.

  7. Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streamlines,_streaklines...

    The red particle moves in a flowing fluid; its pathline is traced in red; the tip of the trail of blue ink released from the origin follows the particle, but unlike the static pathline (which records the earlier motion of the dot), ink released after the red dot departs continues to move up with the flow.

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  9. Brownian motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian_motion

    Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas). [2] This motion pattern typically consists of random fluctuations in a particle's position inside a fluid sub-domain, followed by a relocation to another sub-domain. Each relocation is followed by more fluctuations within the new closed volume.