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  2. Octet rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_rule

    The bonding in carbon dioxide (CO 2): all atoms are surrounded by 8 electrons, fulfilling the octet rule. The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects the theory that main-group elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

  3. Van Arkel–Ketelaar triangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Arkel–Ketelaar_triangle

    Different compounds that obey the octet rule (sp-elements) and hydrogen can be placed on the triangle. Unfortunately, d-elements cannot be analysed using van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle, as their electronegativity is so high that it is taken as a constant.

  4. Linnett double-quartet theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnett_Double-Quartet_Theory

    [2] [25] Interestingly, the excited state does not obey the octet rule as the carbon atoms have an average 6.5 valence electrons surrounding them. Further, the internuclear region contains only three electrons, the same as in the benzene molecule ( see above ), and this explains why the carbon-carbon bond length in the excited state of ...

  5. Oxyanion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyanion

    The formulae of simple oxyanions are determined by the octet rule. The corresponding oxyacid of an oxyanion is the compound H z A x O y. The structures of condensed oxyanions can be rationalized in terms of AO n polyhedral units with sharing of corners or edges between polyhedra.

  6. Jack Linnett - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Linnett

    In 1960, Linnett originated a modification to the octet rule, originally proposed by Lewis, concerning valence electrons. He proposed that the octet should be considered as a double quartet of electrons rather than as four pairs, and hence the theory became known as "Linnett double-quartet theory". Using this method, he was able to explain the ...

  7. Hypervalent molecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervalent_molecule

    On the other hand, some compounds that are normally written with ionic bonds in order to conform to the octet rule, such as ozone O 3, nitrous oxide NNO, and trimethylamine N-oxide (CH 3) 3 NO, are found to be genuinely hypervalent. Examples of γ calculations for phosphate PO 3− 4 (γ(P) = 2.6, non-hypervalent) and orthonitrate NO 3−

  8. Electron counting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_counting

    Since these compounds tend to be more reactive than compounds that obey their rule, electron counting is an important tool for identifying the reactivity of molecules. While the counting formalism considers each atom separately, these individual atoms (with their hypothetical assigned charge) do not generally exist as free species.

  9. Electron deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_deficiency

    Alternatively, electron-deficiency describes molecules or ions that function as electron acceptors. Such electron-deficient species obey the octet rule, but they have (usually mild) oxidizing properties. [4] 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene and related polynitrated aromatic compounds are often described as electron-deficient. [5]