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A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost (time or energy) to access data from the main memory. [1] A cache is a smaller, faster memory, located closer to a processor core, which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations.
Cache. Level 0 (L0) Micro operations cache – 6,144 bytes (6 KiB [citation needed] [original research]) [8] in size; Level 1 (L1) Instruction cache – 128 KiB [citation needed] [original research] in size; Level 1 (L1) Data cache – 128 KiB [citation needed] [original research] in size. Best access speed is around 700 GB/s [9]
However, with a multiple-level cache, if the computer misses the cache closest to the processor (level-one cache or L1) it will then search through the next-closest level(s) of cache and go to main memory only if these methods fail. The general trend is to keep the L1 cache small and at a distance of 1–2 CPU clock cycles from the processor ...
Cache; L1 cache: 64 KB per core (32 KB instructions + 32 KB data) L2 cache: 256 KB per core (1 MB per core for Skylake-X, SP, and W) L3 cache: Up to 38.5 MB shared: L4 cache: 128 MB of eDRAM (on Iris Pro models) Architecture and classification; Technology node: 14 nm bulk silicon 3D transistors : Microarchitecture: Skylake: Instruction set
A typical CPU reads a single L2 cache line of 128 bytes from DRAM into the L2 cache, and a single L1 cache line of 64 bytes from the L2 cache into the L1 cache. Caches with a prefetch input queue or more general anticipatory paging policy go further—they not only read the data requested, but guess that the next chunk or two of data will soon ...
The gap between processor speed and main memory speed has grown exponentially. Until 2001–05, CPU speed, as measured by clock frequency, grew annually by 55%, whereas memory speed only grew by 7%. [1] This problem is known as the memory wall. The motivation for a cache and its hierarchy is to bridge this speed gap and overcome the memory wall.
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Cache; L1 cache: 64 KB per core (32 KB instructions + 32 KB data) L2 cache: 256 KB per core: L3 cache: 2–45 MB (shared) L4 cache: 128 MB of eDRAM (Iris Pro models only) Architecture and classification; Technology node: 22 nm : Microarchitecture: Haswell: Instruction set: x86-16, IA-32, x86-64: Extensions