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The branch-line coupler consists of two parallel transmission lines physically coupled together with two or more branch lines between them. The branch lines are spaced λ/4 apart and represent sections of a multi-section filter design in the same way as the multiple sections of a coupled-line coupler except that here the coupling of each ...
An alternative which allows the Butler matrix to be implemented entirely in printed circuit form, and thus more economically, is a crossover in the form of a branch-line coupler. [13] The crossover coupler is equivalent to two 90° hybrid couplers connected in cascade. This will add an additional 90° phase shift to the lines being crossed, but ...
A six-bar straight-line linkage in the collection of Reuleaux models at Cornell University; Mechanism animations including the Klann linkage; Example of a six-bar function generator that compute the angle for a given range. Animations of six-bar linkage for a bicycle suspension. A variety of six-bar linkage designs.
A power combiner is simply a power splitter used in reverse. In distributed-element implementations using coupled lines, indirectly coupled lines are more suitable for low-coupling directional couplers; directly coupled branch line couplers are more suitable for high-coupling power dividers. [42]
Coupled mode theory first arose in the 1950s in the works of Miller on microwave transmission lines, [1] Pierce on electron beams, [2] and Gould on backward wave oscillators. [3] This put in place the mathematical foundations for the modern formulation expressed by H. A. Haus et al. for optical waveguides.
The "0-kilometre peg" marks the start of a branch line in Western Australia. A branch line is a secondary railway line which branches off a more important through route, usually a main line. A very short branch line may be called a spur line. Branch lines may serve one or more industries, or a city or town not located on a main line. Branch ...
The following is the skeleton of a generic branch and bound algorithm for minimizing an arbitrary objective function f. [3] To obtain an actual algorithm from this, one requires a bounding function bound, that computes lower bounds of f on nodes of the search tree, as well as a problem-specific branching rule.
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