Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Unlike a foliose lichen, a fruticose lichen does not have a distinct upper and lower surface. [40] Instead, a cortex covers its entire surface, and the photobiont layer lies just below this, on all sides of the lichen's branches. [34] The centre of a fruticose lichen's branches varies depending on the genus involved. In most, the centre is hollow.
Fruticose lichens have one cortex layer wrapping around the "branches". Foliose lichens have an upper cortex on the top side of the "leaf", and a separate lower cortex on the bottom side. Crustose and squamulose lichens have only an upper cortex, with the "inside" of the lichen in direct contact with the surface they grow on (the substrate ...
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts . [ 1 ]
Concentrations of terricolous crustose lichens were highest in areas of higher elevation, relative to other foliose and fruticose lichens. [17] In areas of high pollution, the majority of lichens are killed and are the first plants to disappear in cities due to their high sensitivity to atmospheric pollutants.
The Physiaceae family includes various growth forms such as foliose, fruticose, squamulose, stipitate, crustose, and even evanescent types (where certain parts, such as basal squamules, become less noticeable or disappear over time as other structures develop).
Parmeliaceae thalli are most often foliose, fruticose or subfruticose, but can be umblicate, peltate, caespitose, crustose, or subcrustose. Two genera, Nesolechia and Raesaenenia, contain lichenicolous fungi. They can be a variety of colours, from whitish to grey, green to yellow, or brown to blackish (or any combination therein).
Calicioid – crustose growth with small fruiting bodies which resemble sewing pins. [105] Placodioid – crustose in the centre and lobed at the periphery. [104] Foliose – flattened, leafy appearance. [104] Fruticose – shrubby, bush-like or coral-like appearance. [104] Byssoid – wispy, with the appearance of teased wool. [106]
The lower cortex of foliose lichens often bears rootlike fungal structures known as rhizines, which serve to attach the thallus to the substrate on which it grows. Lichens also sometimes contain structures made from fungal metabolites, for example crustose lichens sometimes have a polysaccharide layer in the cortex. Although each lichen thallus ...