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The nuclear lamina consists of two components, lamins and nuclear lamin-associated membrane proteins. The lamins are type V intermediate filaments which can be categorized as either A-type (lamin A, C) or B-type (lamin B 1, B 2) according to homology of their DNA sequences, biochemical properties and cellular localization during the cell cycle.
Nuclear lamins interact with inner nuclear membrane proteins to form the nuclear lamina on the interior of the nuclear envelope. Lamins have elastic and mechanosensitive properties, and can alter gene regulation in a feedback response to mechanical cues. [ 1 ]
The nuclear envelope is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes, an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane. These membranes are connected to each other by nuclear pores. Two sets of intermediate filaments provide support for the nuclear envelope. An internal network forms the nuclear lamina on the inner nuclear membrane. [7]
IF proteins are universal among animals in the form of a nuclear lamin. The Hydra has an additional "nematocilin" derived from the lamin. Cytoplasmic IFs (type I-IV) are only found in Bilateria; they also arose from a gene duplication event involving "type V" nuclear lamin. In addition, a few other diverse types of eukaryotes have lamins ...
The nuclear pore complex (NPC), is a large protein complex giving rise to the nuclear pore. Nuclear pores are found in the nuclear envelope that surrounds the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells . The nuclear envelope is studded by a great number of nuclear pores that give access to various molecules, to and from the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm.
In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus after a specific method of chemical extraction. According to some it is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton. In contrast to the cytoskeleton, however, the nuclear matrix has been proposed to be a dynamic structure.
In this model, proteins diffuse freely from the ER to the inner nuclear membrane, where association with nuclear lamina or chromatin immobilizes them. [9] A nuclear localisation signal is not sufficient to target a protein to the INM, and the N-terminal domain of LBR cannot translocate into the nuclear lumen if its size is increased from 22 to ...
The nuclear lamina: a dense fiber network inside the nucleus of cells. [6] The lamina affixa: a layer of epithelium growing on the surface of the thalamus. The lamina of Drosophila is the most peripheral neuropil of the insect visual system. Lamina cribrosa with two different meanings. Osseous spiral lamina, a feature of the bony canal of the ...