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A police officer directing traffic after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. The Japanese government established a European-style civil police system in 1874, spearheaded by the efforts of statesman Kawaji Toshiyoshi, under the centralized control of the Police Bureau within the Home Ministry to put down internal disturbances and maintain order during the Meiji Restoration.
In 2006, an analysis by the United Nations indicates an approximate median of 300 police officers per 100,000 inhabitants. [1] Only nine countries disclosed values lower than 100 officers per 100,000 inhabitants. [1] The highest median of police officers – around 400 – was observed in West Asia, Eastern and Southern Europe. [1]
Japanese Police State Tokko – the Interwar Japan. Allen and Unwin. ASIN: B000TYWIKW. Cunningham, Don (2004). Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3536-5. Katzenstein, Peter J (1996). Cultural Norms and National Security: Police and Military in Postwar Japan. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014 ...
The National Police Agency (Japanese: 警察庁, Hepburn: Keisatsu-chō) is the central coordinating law enforcement agency of the Japanese police system. Unlike national police in other countries, the NPA does not have any operational units of its own aside from the Imperial Guard; rather, it is responsible for supervising Japan's 47 ...
Edo period wood block print showing police wearing chain armour under their kimono, and using jitte, sasumata, sodegarami, and tsukubo to capture criminals on a roof top. In feudal Japan, individual military and citizens groups were primarily responsible for self-defense until the unification of Japan by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603.
機動隊パーフェクトブック [Perfect Guide Book of the Japanese Riot Police]. Separate-volume Supplement of the Best Car Magazine . Kodansha. ISBN 978-4063666137. National Police Agency, ed. (1977). 戦後警察史 [Post-war Police History] (in Japanese). Japan Police Support Association . NCID BN01929285.
After Japan's surrender in 1945, occupation authorities retained the prewar police structure until a new system was implemented and the Diet passed the 1947 Police Law. Contrary to Japanese proposals for a strong, centralized force to deal with postwar unrest—but in line with the thinking of American police reformers on the same subject—the ...
Tokyo Detention House. Within the criminal justice system of Japan, there exist three basic features that characterize its operations.First, the institutions—police, government prosecutors' offices, courts, and correctional organs—maintain close and cooperative relations with each other, consulting frequently on how best to accomplish the shared goals of limiting and controlling crime.