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Most microcurrent treatments concentrate on pain and/or speeding healing and recovery. [4] It is commonly used by professional and performance athletes with acute pain and/or muscle tenderness as it is drug-free and non-invasive, thus avoiding testing and recovery issues. It is also used as a cosmetic treatment. [5]
An electrode is "stereotactically" guided to the site using magnetic resonance imaging and once in place, the electrode is activated by subcutaneous leads attached to a pulse generator under the skin. It is effective in treating refractory post-stroke pain, atypical face pain, anaesthesia dolorosa, and deafferentation and somatic pain such as ...
Neurostimulation technology can improve the life quality of those who are severely paralyzed or have profound losses to various sense organs, as well as for permanent reduction of severe, chronic pain which would otherwise require constant (around-the-clock), high-dose opioid therapy (such as neuropathic pain and spinal-cord injury).
(h) Depolarization occurs where negative current enters the axon at the "active" electrode indicated. Functional electrical stimulation ( FES ) is a technique that uses low-energy electrical pulses to artificially generate body movements in individuals who have been paralyzed due to injury to the central nervous system .
The most common use of SCS is failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) in the United States and peripheral ischemic pain in Europe. [4] [5]As of 2014 the FDA had approved SCS as a treatment for FBSS, chronic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, intractable angina, as well as visceral abdominal and perineal pain [1] and pain in the extremities from nerve damage.
The electrodes are generally pads that adhere to the skin. The impulses mimic the action potential that comes from the central nervous system , causing the muscles to contract. The use of EMS has been cited by sports scientists [ 2 ] as a complementary technique for sports training, and published research is available on the results obtained. [ 3 ]
A typical electrode gel consists of a mixture of water, a thickener such as polyvinyl alcohol or carboxymethyl cellulose, and an electrolyte to increase conductivity. [1] [2] Some electrode gels have been shown to pose a potential fire risk when high-energy pulses are used, as for example when defibrillators are used. [3]
Scrambler therapy involves the use of electronic stimulation on the skin with the goal of overwhelming pain information with non-pain information. [1] In a therapy session, "electrocardiographic-like pads are placed around the area of pain". [2] Limited research has been done on the effectiveness of scrambler theory. [3]