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Representative aromatic amines Aromatic ring Name of parent amines Example benzene: aniline: substituted anilines: phenylenediamines: the antioxidant p-phenylenediamine: toluene: toluidines: the pharmaceutical prilocain: diaminotoluenes: the hair dye ingredient 2,5-diaminotoluene: naphthalene: naphthylamines: the dyes Congo red and Prodan ...
Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and -ine indicating a derived substance) [6] is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NH 2.Consisting of a phenyl group (−C 6 H 5) attached to an amino group (−NH 2), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine.
This compound is a common hair dye. Its use is being supplanted by other aniline analogues and derivatives such as 2,5-diamino(hydroxyethylbenzene and 2,5-diaminotoluene). Other popular derivatives include tetraaminopyrimidine and indoanilines and indophenols. Derivatives of diaminopyrazole give both red and violet colours. [8]
Certain azo dyes degrade under reductive conditions to release any of a group of defined aromatic amines. Since September 2003, the European Union has banned the manufacture or sale of consumer goods which contain the listed amines. Since only a small number of dyes produced those amines, relatively few products were actually affected. [4]
IARC has categorized most aromatic amines as known carcinogens. Their use spans several industries including use in pesticides, medications, and industrial dyes. [ 17 ] Aromatic amines have also been found in oxidative (permanent) hair dyes; however due to their potential for carcinogenicity, they were removed from most hair dye formulations ...
Phylloquinone is also known as vitamin K 1 as it is used by animals to carboxylate certain proteins, which are involved in blood coagulation, bone formation, and other processes. Conversely, the toxicity of paracetamol is due to its metabolism to a quinone imine , which then reacts with liver proteins to cause liver failure.
As with some other aromatic amines such as 2-naphthylamine, benzidine has been significantly withdrawn from use in most industries because it is so carcinogenic. In August 2010 benzidine dyes were included in the U.S. EPA's List of Chemicals of Concern. [ 7 ]
One of the most relevant applications of the substance is the synthesis of 3-(diethylamino)phenol, key intermediate for the preparation of several fluorescent dyes (e.g., rhodamine B). Other uses for the compound include hair dye colorants and stabilizers for chlorine-containing thermoplastics. [4]
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