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Ireland (Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ⓘ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), [a] is a country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland, with a population of about 5.4 million. [4]
True-colour satellite image of Ireland, known in Irish as Éire.. Éire (Irish: [ˈeːɾʲə] ⓘ) is the Irish language name for "Ireland". Like its English counterpart, the term Éire is used for both the island of Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, the sovereign state that governs 85% of the island's landmass.
The Republic of Ireland is a member state of the European Union while the United Kingdom is a former member state, having both acceded to its precursor entity, the European Economic Community (EEC), in 1973 but the UK left the European Union in 2020 after a referendum on EU membership was held in 2016 which resulted in 51.9% of UK voters ...
On 18 April 1949 the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which had been enacted by the Oireachtas, came into force. That legislation described Ireland as the Republic of Ireland but did not change the country's name. The international and diplomatic functions previously vested in or exercised by the king were now vested in the President of Ireland ...
Hence, the Ireland Act formally provided the name Republic of Ireland for use instead of the name Eire in British law. Later the name Eire was abolished entirely in British law under the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1981. [72] This has meant that the Republic of Ireland is the only name for the Irish state officially provided for in domestic UK law.
Ireland is a parliamentary, representative democratic republic and a member state of the European Union.While the head of state is the popularly elected President of Ireland, it is a largely ceremonial position, with real political power being vested in the Taoiseach, who is nominated by the Dáil and is the head of the government.
The Government of Ireland (Irish: Rialtas na hÉireann) is the executive authority of the Republic of Ireland, headed by the Taoiseach, the head of government.The government – also known as the cabinet – is composed of ministers, each of whom must be a member of the Oireachtas, which consists of Dáil Éireann and Seanad Éireann.
The Republic claimed jurisdiction over the whole island of Ireland, but by 1920 its functional control was limited to only 21 of Ireland's 32 counties, [3] and British state forces maintained a presence across much of the north-east, as well as Cork, Dublin and other major towns.