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Note that consistency as defined in the CAP theorem is quite different from the consistency guaranteed in ACID database transactions. [4] Availability Every request received by a non-failing node in the system must result in a response. This is the definition of availability in CAP theorem as defined by Gilbert and Lynch. [1]
The CAP theorem is based on three trade-offs, one of which is "atomic consistency" (shortened to "consistency" for the acronym), about which the authors note, "Discussing atomic consistency is somewhat different than talking about an ACID database, as database consistency refers to transactions, while atomic consistency refers only to a property of a single request/response operation sequence.
The Algorand consensus protocol privileges consistency over availability (CAP theorem). [26] If the network is unable to reach consensus over the next step (or block), within a certain time, the protocol enters in a recovery mode, suspending the block production to prevent forks (contrary to what would happen in blockchains based on the ...
In a distributed database system, a transaction could execute its operations at multiple sites. Since atomicity requires every distributed transaction to be atomic, the transaction must have the same fate (commit or abort) at every site.
The PACELC theorem was first described by Daniel Abadi from Yale University in 2010 in a blog post, [2] which he later clarified in a paper in 2012. [3] The purpose of PACELC is to address his thesis that "Ignoring the consistency/latency trade-off of replicated systems is a major oversight [in CAP], as it is present at all times during system operation, whereas CAP is only relevant in the ...
To overcome these shortcomings, taking a traditional database and adding blockchain features to it sounds more feasible. [6] That's how the concept of blockchain-based database came into existence, which consists of multiple member clouds riding on two primary layers; the first one is Database Interface and the second one is the Blockchain ...
C-theorem ; CAP theorem (theoretical computer science) CPCTC (triangle geometry) Cameron–Erdős theorem (discrete mathematics) Cameron–Martin theorem (measure theory) Cantor–Bernstein–Schroeder theorem (set theory, cardinal numbers) Cantor's intersection theorem (real analysis) Cantor's isomorphism theorem (order theory)
Although the group elements are random, the reference string is not as it contains a certain structure (e.g., group elements) that is distinguishable from randomness. Subsequently, Feige, Lapidot, and Shamir [37] introduced multi-theorem zero-knowledge proofs as a more versatile notion for non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs.