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The diaphragm is the major muscle responsible for breathing. It is a thin, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, so that its center moves caudally (downward) and its edges move cranially (upward).
Structure of diaphragm shown using a 3D medical animation still shot. The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (/ ˈ d aɪ ə f r æ m /; [1] Ancient Greek: διάφραγμα, romanized: diáphragma, lit. 'partition'), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle [2] in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic ...
Animation of diaphragmatic breathing with the diaphragm shown in green. Diaphragmatic breathing, abdominal breathing, belly breathing, [1] or deep breathing, [2] is breathing that is done by contracting the diaphragm, a muscle located horizontally between the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity.
The aortic hiatus is a midline [1]: 185 opening in the posterior part of the diaphragm giving passage to the descending aorta as well as the thoracic duct, and variably the azygos and hemiazygos veins. [2] It is the lowest and most posterior of the large apertures. [citation needed]
The free edge of a ruptured diaphragm may curl and become perpendicular to the chest wall, a sign known as a dangling diaphragm. A herniated organ may constrict at the location of a rupture, a sign known as the collar sign. If the liver herniates through a rupture on the right side, it may produce two signs known as the hump and band signs.
The thoracic duct traverses the diaphragm at the aortic hiatus [3] to enter the posterior mediastinum. [3] Posterior mediastinum. It ascends the posterior mediastinum between the descending thoracic aorta (to its left) and the azygos vein (to its right), [4] and is situated posterior to the esophagus at the T7 vertebral level. It crosses the ...
The pneumotaxic center is responsible for limiting inspiration, providing an inspiratory off-switch (IOS). [10] It limits the burst of action potentials in the phrenic nerve, effectively decreasing the tidal volume and regulating the respiratory rate. Absence of the center results in an increase in depth of respiration and a decrease in ...
As the anterior end of ribs is about 4 cm lower than the posterior end, the middle part of rib is lower than anterior and posterior ends. Movement at costovertebral joints 7 to 10 about an anteroposterior axis results in raising and lowering the middle of the rib, the Bucket-handle movement. In elevation, this increases the transverse diameter ...