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Animation depicting the process of completing the square. (Details, animated GIF version)In elementary algebra, completing the square is a technique for converting a quadratic polynomial of the form + + to the form + for some values of and . [1]
A similar but more complicated method works for cubic equations, which have three resolvents and a quadratic equation (the "resolving polynomial") relating and , which one can solve by the quadratic equation, and similarly for a quartic equation (degree 4), whose resolving polynomial is a cubic, which can in turn be solved. [14]
The quadratic equation on a number can be solved using the well-known quadratic formula, which can be derived by completing the square. That formula always gives the roots of the quadratic equation, but the solutions are expressed in a form that often involves a quadratic irrational number, which is an algebraic fraction that can be evaluated ...
Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam (Egypt, 10th century) in particular was the first to accept irrational numbers (often in the form of a square root, cube root or fourth root) as solutions to quadratic equations or as coefficients in an equation. [30] The 9th century Indian mathematician Sridhara wrote down rules for solving quadratic equations. [31]
So p 1 and p 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 + x − 1 = 0. The Carlyle circle associated with this quadratic has a diameter with endpoints at (0, 1) and (−1, −1) and center at (−1/2, 0). Carlyle circles are used to construct p 1 and p 2. From the definitions of p 1 and p 2 it also follows that
The quadratic formula, which concisely expresses the solutions of all quadratic equations The Rubik's Cube group is a concrete application of group theory. [26] Algebra is the art of manipulating equations and formulas. Diophantus (3rd century) and al-Khwarizmi (9th century) were the two main precursors of algebra.
For linear and quadratic functions, the graph of any function can be obtained from the graph of the parent function by simple translations and stretches parallel to the axes. For example, the graph of y = x 2 − 4 x + 7 can be obtained from the graph of y = x 2 by translating +2 units along the X axis and +3 units along Y axis.
Quadratic formula, calculation to solve a quadratic equation for the independent variable (x) Quadratic field, an algebraic number field of degree two over the field of rational numbers; Quadratic irrational or "quadratic surd", an irrational number that is a root of a quadratic polynomial
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