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The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits (/ ˈ dʒ ɛ ʒ u ɪ t s, ˈ dʒ ɛ zj u-/ JEZH-oo-its, JEZ-ew-; [2] Latin: Iesuitae), [3] is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome.
Though there had been mergers in the past, a major reorganization of the provinces began in the early 21st century, with the aim of consolidating into four provinces by 2020. [15] The Jesuit provinces were first organized into an "assistancy" (a regional grouping of provinces), [16] called the Jesuit Conference of the United States, in 1972. [17]
Map of New France (Champlain, 1612). Jesuit missions in North America were attempted in the late 16th century, established early in the 17th century, faltered at the beginning of the 18th, disappeared during the suppression of the Society of Jesus around 1763, and returned around 1830 after the restoration of the Society.
Jesuit formation, or the training of Jesuits, is the process by which candidates are prepared for ordination or brotherly service in the Society of Jesus, the world's largest male Catholic religious order. The process is based on the Constitution of the Society of Jesus written by Ignatius of Loyola and approved in 1550. There are various ...
Thus, Father John Carroll, a former Jesuit, became the first American-born head of the Catholic Church in the United States, although the papal suppression of the Jesuit order was still in effect. Carroll orchestrated the founding and early development of Georgetown University which began instruction on November 22, 1791. [37]
1611 – Two Jesuits begin work among Mi'kmaq Indians of Nova Scotia [114] 1612 – Jesuits found a mission for the Abenakis in Maine [114] 1613 – Missionary Alvarus de Semedo goes to China; 1614 – Anti-Christian edicts issued in Japan with over 40,000 Christians being massacred [145]
In the 1970s, the Jesuits would become a main proponent of the liberation theology which openly supported anti-imperialist movements. It was officially condemned in 1984 and in 1986 by then-Cardinal Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI ) as the head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith , under charges of Marxist tendencies , while ...
In 1773, the Jesuits were suppressed by Pope Clement XIV, through the Papal brief Dominus ac Redemptor on 21 July 1773, executed 16 August. The leaders of the order, in the nations where the Papal suppression order was not enforced, were known as temporary Vicars General. The temporary Vicars General were: