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Nitrogen oxides are released during manufacturing of nitrogen fertilizers. Though nitrous oxide is emitted during its application, it is then reacted in atmosphere to form nitrogen oxides. This third source is attributed to the reaction of atmospheric nitrogen, N 2, with radicals such as C, CH, and CH 2 fragments derived from fuel, [26] rather ...
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide [1]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen . Nitric oxide is a free radical : it has an unpaired electron , which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula ( • N=O or • NO).
Nitrogen oxide may refer to a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds: Charge-neutral. Nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen(II) oxide, or ...
Photochemical smog depends on primary pollutants as well as the formation of secondary pollutants. These primary pollutants include nitrogen oxides, particularly nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and volatile organic compounds. The relevant secondary pollutants include peroxylacyl nitrates (PAN), tropospheric ozone, and aldehydes.
When oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight, ground level ozone is formed, a primary ingredient in smog. A 2005 U.S. EPA report gives road vehicles as the second largest source of VOCs in the U.S. at 26% and 19% are from non road equipment which is mostly gasoline and diesel stations.
Mobile sources are responsible for more than half of all nitrogen oxide emissions in the United States. Both on-road and non-road mobile sources are major nitrogen oxide polluters. These problems include ozone and smog. [6] Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons are a precursor to ground-level ozone, a serious air pollutant in cities across the United States.
One of several nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas. It is a paramagnetic , bent molecule with C 2v point group symmetry . Industrially, NO 2 is an intermediate in the synthesis of nitric acid , millions of tons of which are produced each year, primarily for the production of fertilizers .
In 2014, diesel exhaust pollution accounted for around one quarter of the pollution in the air and a high share of sickness caused by automotive pollution. [ 48 ] [ better source needed ] Diesel exhaust is a Group 1 carcinogen , which causes lung cancer and has a positive association with bladder cancer .