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An exposure sheet (also referred to as camera instruction sheet, dope sheet or X-sheet) is a traditional animation tool that allows an animator to organize their thinking and give instructions to the camera operator on how the animation is to be shot.
Disney's twelve basic principles of animation were introduced by the Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation. [a] [ 1 ] The principles are based on the work of Disney animators from the 1930s onwards , in their quest to produce more realistic animation.
A sample model sheet from the DVD tutorial 'Chaos&Evolutions' In visual arts, a model sheet, also known as a character board, character sheet, character study or simply a study, is a document used to help standardize the appearance, poses, and gestures of a character in arts such as animation, comics, and video games.
An exposure sheet (or X-sheet) is created; this is a printed table that breaks down the action, dialogue, and sound frame-by-frame as a guide for the animators. If a film is based more strongly in music, a bar sheet may be prepared in addition to or instead of an X-sheet. [2]
In animation and filmmaking, a key frame (or keyframe) is a drawing or shot that defines the starting and ending points of a smooth transition.These are called frames because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film or on a digital video editing timeline.
John Kricfalusi has argued that off-model animation allows originality and can help a scene come to life, as strictly sticking to poses and expressions as dictated in model sheets can be too restricting. [1] Off-model art is often associated with 2D animation, such as cartoons and anime. For much of the history of 2D animation, individual ...
Instructional animations are animations used to visually explain a physical process or abstract concept. [1] They can be used to provide instructions for the immediate performance of a task, or to support more permanent learning of a broader subject matter.
In traditional animation, the individual frames of a film were initially drawn on thin onionskin paper over a light source. The animators (mostly inbetweeners ) would put the previous and next drawings exactly beneath the working drawing, so that they could draw the 'in between' to give a smooth motion.