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National standard format is yyyy-mm-dd. [161] dd.mm.yyyy format is used in some places where it is required by EU regulations, for example for best-before dates on food [162] and on driver's licenses. d/m format is used casually, when the year is obvious from the context, and for date ranges, e.g. 28-31/8 for 28–31 August.
This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for the Indian rupee (INR) against the special drawing rights unit (SDR), United States dollar (USD), pound sterling (GBP), Deutsche mark (DM), euro (EUR) and Japanese yen (JPY). The rupee was worth one shilling and sixpence in sterling in 1947.
The US dollar is widely held by central banks, foreign companies and private individuals worldwide, in the form of eurodollar foreign deposit accounts (not to be confused with the euro), as well as in the form of US$100 notes, an estimated 75% of which are held overseas. [1]
Officially, the Indian rupee has a market-determined exchange rate. However, the Reserve Bank of India trades actively in the USD/INR currency market to impact effective exchange rates. Thus, the currency regime in place for the Indian rupee with respect to the US dollar is a de facto controlled exchange rate.
The published amount of currency in circulation tends to be overstated by an unknown amount. For example, money may have been destroyed, or stored as a form of security (the proverbial “money under the mattress”), or by coin collectors , or held in reserve within the banking system, including currency held by foreign central banks as a ...
In 2009, India purchased 200 tonnes of gold from the International Monetary Fund, worth US$6.7bn (€4.57bn, £4.10bn). [15] In June 2020, India's foreign exchange reserves crossed the US$500 billion mark for the first time. [16] In June 2021, India's foreign exchange reserves crossed the US$600 billion mark for the first time. [17] [18]
The Federal Reserve initially succeeded in maintaining the value of the U.S. dollar and price stability, reversing the inflation caused by the First World War and stabilizing the value of the dollar during the 1920s, before presiding over a 30% deflation in U.S. prices in the 1930s.
In India, dates in astrology or religious purposes are written in a year-month-day format. [citation needed] The month-day-year (12/31/1999) in short format, is never used in India except regionally in Bodo. [citation needed] Mondays are the start of the week as per ISO 8601.