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An adrenocortical adenoma or adrenal adenoma is commonly described as a benign neoplasm emerging from the cells that comprise the adrenal cortex. Like most adenomas , the adrenocortical adenoma is considered a benign tumor since the majority of them are non-functioning and asymptomatic .
An adrenal tumor or adrenal mass [2] is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland, several of which are notable for their tendency to overproduce endocrine hormones. Adrenal cancer is the presence of malignant adrenal tumors, and includes neuroblastoma , adrenocortical carcinoma and some adrenal pheochromocytomas .
Two slices of an adrenal gland with a cortical adenoma, from a person with Conn's syndrome. The condition is due to: [14] Bilateral idiopathic (micronodular) adrenal hyperplasia: 66% of cases [1] Adrenal adenoma (Conn's disease): 33% of cases [1] Primary (unilateral) adrenal hyperplasia: 2% of cases
Adrenal tumors are commonly found as incidentalomas, unexpected asymptomatic tumors found during medical imaging. They are seen in around 3.4% of CT scans, [7] and in most cases they are benign adenomas. [48] Adrenal carcinomas are very rare, with an incidence of 1 case per million per year. [4]
Primary aldosteronism (hyporeninemic hyperaldosteronism) is most often caused by bilateral idiopathic (micronodular) adrenal hyperplasia (almost 70% of cases) [4] and adrenal adenoma (Conn's syndrome) (about 30% of cases). [4] These cause hyperplasia of aldosterone-producing cells of the adrenal cortex resulting in primary hyperaldosteronism.
Adrenal tumor; Pituitary adenoma; The most common form is thyroid cancer. [1] Conditions such as pancreatic cancer or ovarian cancer can be considered endocrine tumors, or classified under other systems. Pinealoma is often grouped with brain tumors because of its location. [citation needed]
Adrenal cancer most often affects adults in their 40s and 50s and children younger than 5, but it can occur at any time. "When adrenal cancer is found early, there is a chance for cure. But if the ...
These hormone-producing tumors may need adrenalectomy. Additionally, adrenal tumors that are larger than 4 centimeters in size, regardless of whether they produce hormones, also require adrenalectomy due to increased risk of adrenal cancer. Rarely (5–12%), the adrenal tumor may be cancerous (adrenocortical carcinoma), requiring adrenalectomy.