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In this article, "China" refers to the modern territories controlled by the People's Republic of China (which controls Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau) and the Republic of China (which controls Taiwan area). For more information, see Two Chinas, Political status of Taiwan, One-China policy, 1992 Consensus and One country, two systems.
Imagined portrait of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of a unified China. Depiction from the Qing dynasty. The Chinese monarchs were the rulers of China during Ancient and Imperial periods. [a] The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested ...
China was a monarchy from prehistoric times up to 1912, when a republic was established. The succession of legendary monarchs of China were non-hereditary. Dynastic rule began c. 2070 BC when Yu the Great established the Xia dynasty, [d] and monarchy lasted until 1912 when dynastic rule collapsed together with the monarchical government. [5]
Mozhu surrendered to the Mongol Empire during the siege of the Western Xia capital Zhongxing. 1233: 26 February: Mongol siege of Kaifeng: The Jin general in charge of the defense of the capital Kaifeng surrendered to the besieging Mongol army. Aizong had fled during the siege; his family members still in the city were executed. 1234: 9 February
Nurhaci (1559–1626), khan of the Jurchens, founded the Later Jin dynasty in 1616 in reference to the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234) that had once ruled over northern China. His son and successor Hong Taiji (1592–1643) renamed his people " Manchu " in 1635 and changed the name of Nurhaci's state from "Great Jin" to "Great Qing" in 1636.
The Republic of China president is called 總統 (Zǒngtǒng, "President"), and from 1912–1928, 大總統 (Dàzǒngtǒng, "Grand President"). Since 1949, the de facto territory of the ROC is reduced to Taiwan and its surrounding islands, the former previously ruled by Japan from 1895 to 1945, no longer governing mainland China.
For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs.Beginning with the establishment of dynastic rule by Yu the Great c. 2070 BC, [1] and ending with the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor in AD 1912, Chinese historiography came to organize itself around the succession of monarchical dynasties.
Timeline of Sweden during World War II (1939–1945) Timeline of the Netherlands during World War II (1939–1945) Chronology of the liberation of Dutch cities and towns during World War II; Chronology of the liberation of Belgian cities and towns during World War II; Timeline of the Manhattan Project (1939–1947) Timeline of air operations ...