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  2. Calcareous - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcareous

    Calcareous soils are relatively alkaline, in other words they have a high pH.They are characterized by the presence of calcium carbonate in the parent material; the carbonate-ion is a base.

  3. Speleothem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speleothem

    Calcareous speleothems form via carbonate dissolution reactions whereby rainwater reacts with soil CO 2 to create weakly acidic water via the reaction: [3] H 2 O + CO 2 → H 2 CO 3. As the acidic water travels through the calcium carbonate bedrock from the surface to the cave ceiling, it dissolves the bedrock via the reaction: CaCO 3 + H 2 CO ...

  4. Candelariella - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candelariella

    Candelariella species are found across the globe, although most commonly described in North America, Asia, and Australia. Species can be found on calcareous and non-calcareous rock, soil, tree bark, mosses, and other lichens.

  5. Topsoil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsoil

    Low fertility, low fertility acidic and low fertility calcareous are other soil classifications designed for plants which thrive in nutrient sparse soil. Examples of specialist plants include the Venus flytrap which is found in low nitrogen and phosphorus environments so is less tolerant of highly nutrient rich environments than other plants ...

  6. List of rock types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

    The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists.There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type.

  7. Calcareous sinter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcareous_sinter

    Calcareous sinter is a freshwater calcium carbonate deposit, also known as calc-sinter. Deposits are characterised by low porosity and well-developed lamination, often forming crusts or sedimentary rock layers. Calcareous sinter should not be confused with siliceous sinter, which the term sinter more frequently [citation needed] refers to.

  8. Oolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oolite

    Oolite or oölite (from Ancient Greek ᾠόν (ōión) 'egg stone') [1] is a sedimentary rock formed from ooids, spherical grains composed of concentric layers. [2] Strictly, oolites consist of ooids of diameter 0.25–2 millimetres; rocks composed of ooids larger than 2 mm are called pisolites. The term oolith can refer to oolite or individual ...

  9. Clay mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_mineral

    Clay minerals are very common in soils, in fine-grained sedimentary rocks such as shale, mudstone, and siltstone and in fine-grained metamorphic slate and phyllite. [ 9 ] Given the requirement of water, clay minerals are relatively rare in the Solar System , though they occur extensively on Earth where water has interacted with other minerals ...