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Tarsiers are small animals with enormous eyes; each eyeball is approximately 16 millimetres (0.63 in) in diameter and is as large as, or in some cases larger than, its entire brain. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] The unique cranial anatomy of the tarsier results from the need to balance their large eyes and heavy head so they are able to wait silently for ...
The only tarsier with a population estimate is Niemitz's tarsier, estimated at 10,000 to 20,000 mature individuals, but it, along with the Peleng tarsier, pygmy tarsier, and Sangihe tarsier, is categorized as endangered species, while the Siau Island tarsier is classified as critically endangered.
The sequence of layers receiving information from the ipsilateral and contralateral (opposite side of the head) eyes is different in the tarsier. [10] Some neuroscientists suggested that "this apparent difference distinguishes tarsiers from all other primates, reinforcing the view that they arose in an early, independent line of primate evolution".
Their brain-cases are markedly smaller than those of simians of comparable sizes. In the large-eyed tarsiers, the weight of the brain is about the same as that of a single eye. [ 12 ] Prosimians generally show lower cognitive ability and live in simpler social settings than the simians.
The tarsier's eyes are so big that they do not move in its socket and they are almost as big as its brain. [3] Locally in the Siau dialect of Sangir language , the tarsiers are called Tumpara . The name differs from the Sangihe dialect which called tarsiers, Senggasi or Higo , these names are used for the Sangihe tarsier instead.
Some species, such as tarsiers, have a postorbital septum. [3] This septum can be considered as joined processes with a small articulation between the frontal bone, the zygomatic bone and the alisphenoid bone and is therefore different from the postorbital bar, while it forms a composite structure together with the postorbital bar.
Philippine tarsier climbing a tree. The tarsier is named for its elongated "tarsus" or ankle bone. [2]The genus Carlito is named after conservationist Carlito Pizarras. [3] The Philippine tarsier is known as mawumag in Cebuano and other Visayan languages, and magô in Waray, [4] [5] It is also known as mamag, magau, malmag, and magatilok-iok.
Generally accepted members of this infraorder include the living tarsiers, [1] the extinct omomyids, two extinct fossil genera, and two extinct fossil species within the genus Tarsius. [3] As haplorhines, they are more closely related to monkeys and apes than to the strepsirrhine primates, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorises. Order Primates