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Acantholytic cells with direct immunofluorescence positivity With the use of direct immunofluorescence examination, the specificity of cytology for diagnosing pemphigus can be increased from 43% to 100%. Erythema multiforme, Toxic epidermal necrolysis Apoptotic and necrotic cells, absence of acantholytic cells
Acantholysis is the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, [1] seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. [2] It is absent in bullous pemphigoid , making it useful for differential diagnosis .
The dermal papillae between the elongated rete ridges are frequently dome shaped. Necrotic keratinocytes can be observed in the basal layer of the epidermis and at the dermal-epidermal junction. Eosinophilic remnants of anucleate apoptotic basal cells may also be found in the dermis and are referred to as “colloid or civatte bodies”.
Some of which are keratinocytes. Accumulation of these cancer cells causes a microscopic focus of abnormal cells that are, at least initially, locally confined within the specific tissue in which the progenitor cell resided.
Grover's disease (GD) is a polymorphic, pruritic, papulovesicular dermatosis characterized histologically by acantholysis [2]: 529 with or without dyskeratosis. [3] Once confirmed, most cases of Grover's disease last six to twelve months, which is why it was originally called "transient".
Clear cell acanthoma is characterized by a sharply demarcated psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia composed of a proliferation of slightly enlarged keratinocytes, and basal cells with pale-staining glycogen-rich cytoplasm, mild spongiosis and scattered neutrophils, which may form small intraepidermal microabscesses.
Relapsing linear acantholytic dermatosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by relapsing linear erosions and crusting, histologically identical to Hailey–Hailey disease. [ 1 ] : 849 [ 2 ] It is not to be confused with transient acantholytic dermatosis .
Keratohyalin is a protein structure found in cytoplasmic granules of the keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.Keratohyalin granules (KHG) mainly consist of keratin, profilaggrin, [1] loricrin [2] and trichohyalin proteins which contribute to cornification or keratinization, the process of the formation of epidermal cornified cell envelope.