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  2. Fuel injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection

    The term fuel injection is vague and comprises various distinct systems with fundamentally different functional principles. The only thing all fuel injection systems have in common is the absence of carburetion. There are two main functional principles of mixture formation systems for internal combustion engines: internal and external.

  3. Diesel engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine

    The length of fuel lines from the pump to each injector is normally the same for each cylinder in order to obtain the same pressure delay. Direct injected diesel engines usually use orifice-type fuel injectors. [182] Electronic control of the fuel injection transformed the direct injection engine by allowing much greater control over the ...

  4. Unit injector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_injector

    Early Lucas electronic diesel unit injector. A unit injector (UI) is a high-pressure integrated direct fuel injection system for diesel engines, combining the injector nozzle and the injection pump in a single component. The plunger pump used is usually driven by a shared camshaft. In a unit injector, the device is typically lubricated and ...

  5. Common rail - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail

    Common rail fuel system on a Volvo truck engine. In 1916 Vickers pioneered the use of mechanical common rail systems in G-class submarine engines. For every 90° of rotation, four plunger pumps allowed a constant injection pressure of 3,000 pounds per square inch (210 bar; 21 MPa), with fuel delivery to individual cylinders being shut off by valves in the injector lines. [1]

  6. Indirect injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_injection

    Port injection refers to the spraying of the fuel onto the back of the intake valve, which speeds its evaporation. [1] An indirect injection diesel engine delivers fuel into a chamber off the combustion chamber, either a prechamber or swirl chamber, where combustion begins and then spreads into the main combustion chamber. The prechamber is ...

  7. TDI (engine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TDI_(engine)

    TDI engines using common rail fuel injection (using piezoelectric fuel injectors) were introduced with the Volkswagen Group 32v TDI V8 engine used in the 1999 Audi A8 3.3 TDI Quattro, two years after the 1997 Alfa Romeo 156 2.4-L JTD became the first passenger car to use common rail injection. [17] [18]

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