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2. Suzuki reaction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki_reaction

   The Suzuki reaction or Suzuki coupling is an organic reaction that uses a palladium complex catalyst to cross-couple a boronic acid to an organohalide. [1] [2] [3] It was first published in 1979 by Akira Suzuki, and he shared the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Richard F. Heck and Ei-ichi Negishi for their contribution to the discovery and development of noble metal catalysis in organic ...

3. Miyaura borylation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyaura_borylation

   The Miyaura borylation has shown to work for: Alkyl halides, [ 2 ] aryl halides, [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] aryl halides using tetrahydroxydiboron , [ 5 ] aryl halides using bis-boronic acid, [ 6 ] aryl triflates , [ 7 ] aryl mesylates , [ 8 ] vinyl halides, [ 9 ] vinyl halides of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, [ 10 ] and vinyl triflates.

4. Bicycle drivetrain systems - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_drivetrain_systems

   Major changes in bicycle form have often been initiated or accompanied by advances in drivetrain systems. Several early drivetrains used straight-cut gears that meshed directly with each other outside of the hub. [1] [2] Some bicycles have used a double-sided rear wheel, with different-sized sprockets on each side. To change gears, the rider ...

5. Electric bicycle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_bicycle

   By 1898, a rear-wheel drive electric bicycle, which used a driving belt along the outside edge of the wheel, was patented by Mathew J. Steffens. An 1899 patent by John Schnepf ( U.S. patent 627,066 ) depicted an electric bicycle with a rear-wheel friction, "roller-wheel"-style drive. [ 10 ]

6. NuVinci continuously variable transmission - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NuVinci_Continuously...

   The NuVinci CVT system has a small number of parts. [5] [6] Most CVTs have lower mechanical efficiency than competitive conventional transmissions.Since any CVT may allow a power plant, human or motorized, to operate at (or closer to) its speed of optimal efficiency, output torque or output power, the NuVinci CVT may improve a system's overall efficiency or performance compared to a ...

7. Wheel hub motor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_hub_motor

   An electric wheel hub motor car was raced by Ferdinand Porsche in 1897 in Vienna, Austria. He developed his first cars as electric cars with electric wheel hub motors that ran on batteries. [15] A racecar by Lohner–Porsche fitted with four wheel-hub motors debuted at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. Alongside it a commercial model was ...