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The computer graphics pipeline, also known as the rendering pipeline, or graphics pipeline, is a framework within computer graphics that outlines the necessary procedures for transforming a three-dimensional (3D) scene into a two-dimensional (2D) representation on a screen. [1]
A simple tessellation pipeline rendering a smooth sphere from a crude cubic vertex set using a subdivision method. In computer graphics, tessellation is the dividing of datasets of polygons (sometimes called vertex sets) presenting objects in a scene into suitable structures for rendering.
Fixed function APIs tend to be a simpler programming abstraction with a series of well-defined and specifically named graphics pipeline stages. Shader-based APIs treat graphics data (vertices and pixels / texels) generically and allow a great deal of flexibility in how this data is modulated.
The graphics rendering pipeline ("rendering pipeline" or simply "pipeline") is the foundation of real-time graphics. [4] Its main function is to render a two-dimensional image in relation to a virtual camera, three-dimensional objects (an object that has width, length, and depth), light sources, lighting models, textures and more.
The earliest known example is 3D Art Graphics, a set of 3-D computer graphics effects, written by Kazumasa Mitazawa and released in June 1978 for the Apple II. [6] [7] Virtual Reality 3D is a version of 3D computer graphics. [8] With the first headset coming out in the late 1950s, the popularity of VR didn't take off until the 2000s.
A graphics pipeline taking 3D models and producing a 2D bitmap image result. 3D paint tool A 3D graphics application for digital painting of multiple texture map image channels directly onto a rotated 3D model , such as zbrush or mudbox , also sometimes able to modify vertex attributes.
In computer graphics, back-face culling determines whether a polygon is drawn. It is a step in the graphical pipeline that tests whether the points in the polygon appear in clockwise or counter-clockwise order when projected onto the screen.
In computer graphics, the render output unit (ROP) or raster operations pipeline is a hardware component in modern graphics processing units (GPUs) and one of the final steps in the rendering process of modern graphics cards.
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