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Depth perception arises from a variety of depth cues. These are typically classified into binocular cues and monocular cues. Binocular cues are based on the receipt of sensory information in three dimensions from both eyes and monocular cues can be observed with just one eye.
Monocular vision is known as seeing and using only one eye in the human species. Depth perception in monocular vision is reduced compared to binocular vision, but still is active primarily due to accommodation of the eye and motion parallax. The word monocular comes from the Greek root, mono for single, and the Latin root, oculus for eye.
Monocular cues can be used by a single eye with hints from the environment. These hints include relative height, relative size, linear perspective, lights and shadows, and relative motion. [ 15 ] Each hint helps to establish small facts about a scene that work together to form a perception of depth.
From static cues based upon monocular vision, infants older of five month of age have the ability to predict depth perception from pictorial position of objects. [21] In other words, edges of closer objects overlap objects in the distance. [22] Lastly, kinetic cues are another factor in depth perception for humans, especially young infants.
Galilean type Soviet-made miniature 2.5 × 17.5 monocular Diagram of a monocular using a Schmidt-Pechan prism: 1 – Objective lens 2 – Schmidt-Pechan prism 3 – Eyepiece. A monocular is a compact refracting telescope used to magnify images of distant objects, typically using an optical prism to ensure an erect image, instead of using relay lenses like most telescopic sights.
Individuals have been found to integrate the various stimuli, for example stereoscopic cues and motion occlusion, in different ways. [ 18 ] How the brain combines the different cues – including stereo, motion, vergence angle and monocular cues – for sensing motion in depth and 3D object position is an area of active research in vision ...
Another possibility is that axonal guidance cues may guide the formation, or a combination of mechanisms may be at work. It is known that ocular dominance columns develop before birth , which indicates that if an activity dependent mechanism is involved it must work based on intrinsic activity rather than being sensory experience dependent. [ 10 ]
An eye chart is a chart used to measure visual acuity comprising lines of optotypes in ranges of sizes. Optotypes are the letters or symbols shown on an eye chart. [ 1 ] Eye charts are often used by health care professionals, such as optometrists , physicians and nurses , to screen persons for vision impairment .