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Until the 19th century, this line was the main line of the Italian Game. Dubbed the Giuoco Piano ("Quiet Game") in contrast to the more aggressive lines then being developed, this continues 4.d3, the positional Giuoco Pianissimo ("Very Quiet Game"), or the main line 4.c3 (the original Giuoco Piano) leading to positions first analyzed by Greco in the 17th century, and revitalized at the turn of ...
The Rousseau Gambit (or Ponziani Countergambit after Domenico Lorenzo Ponziani) is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 f5. The gambit is named after French chess master Eugène Rousseau. White can decline the gambit by supporting the e-pawn with 4.d3.
The Giuoco Piano (pronounced [ˈdʒwɔːko ˈpjaːno]; Italian for 'Quiet Game') [1] is a chess opening beginning with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 "White aims to develop quickly – but so does Black. White can construct a pawn centre but in unfavourable conditions a centre which cannot provide a basis for further active play." [3]
The Italian Gambit is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d4. It is often played as an alternative to the quiet and closed lines of the Giuoco Piano or Giuoco Pianissimo openings. Black can: take with the pawn (4...exd4), a transposition to the Scotch Gambit;
The Two Knights Defense (also called the Prussian Defense) is a chess opening that begins with the moves: . 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6. First recorded by Giulio Cesare Polerio [1] (c. 1550 – c. 1610) in the late 16th century, this line of the Italian Game was extensively developed in the 19th century.
They recommended playing the Italian Game opening. In contrast to Philidor's idea of pawn structure and mobility, the Modenese school emphasized rapid development of the pieces for an attack on the opposing king from the get go, aiming for checkmate or a material advantage in the process, often at the expense of pawn efficiency or even whole pawns.
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The Semi-Italian Opening (also known as Half Giuoco Piano, Lesser Giuoco Piano, and Paris Defence) is one of Black's responses to the Italian Game. [6] [7] It begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 d6. Black's intent is to play a Hungarian Defense with an early ...Bg4, fighting for control of the d4-square.