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  2. Photoperiodism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoperiodism

    Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of light or a dark period. It occurs in plants and animals. Plant photoperiodism can also be defined as the developmental responses of plants to the relative lengths of light and dark periods. They are classified under three groups according to the photoperiods: short-day ...

  3. Chronobiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronobiology

    Overview, including some physiological parameters, of the human circadian rhythm ("biological clock"). Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar - and lunar -related rhythms. [1] These cycles are known as biological rhythms.

  4. Sleep in animals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_in_animals

    Sleep can follow a physiological or behavioral definition. In the physiological sense, sleep is a state characterized by reversible unconsciousness, special brainwave patterns, sporadic eye movement, loss of muscle tone (possibly with some exceptions; see below regarding the sleep of birds and of aquatic mammals), and a compensatory increase following deprivation of the state, this last known ...

  5. Sleep - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep

    Sleep. Sleeping Girl, Domenico Fetti, c. 1615. Sleep is a state of reduced mental and physical activity in which consciousness is altered and certain sensory activity is inhibited. During sleep, there is a marked decrease in muscle activity and interactions with the surrounding environment.

  6. Outline of cell biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_cell_biology

    Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.

  7. Biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology

    Biology is the scientific study of life. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] For instance, all organisms are made up of at least one cell that processes hereditary information encoded in genes , which can be transmitted ...

  8. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    686465. Anatomical terminology. [edit on Wikidata] The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'.

  9. Morphology (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology_(biology)

    Morphology of a male skeleton shrimp, Caprella mutica Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. [1]This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, color, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of internal parts like bones and organs, i.e. internal ...