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Austria-Hungary, [c] also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe [d] between 1867 and 1918.
The multiethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire started to disintegrate, leaving its army alone on the battlefields. The military breakdown of the Italian front marked the start of the rebellion for the numerous ethnicities who made up the multiethnic Empire, as they refused to keep on fighting for a cause that now appeared senseless.
Distribution of the German language in Austria-Hungary in 1910 Ethno-linguistic map of Austria-Hungary, 1910. (Rusyns are registered as Ukrainians)In the Austrian Empire (Cisleithania), the census of 1911 recorded Umgangssprache, everyday language.
After the Austrian army was defeated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the German Confederation was dissolved, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was adopted. By this act, the Kingdom of Hungary and the Empire of Austria as two separate entities joined on an equal basis to form the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
An ethno-linguistic map of Austria–Hungary, 1910. On 11 November 1918, with his empire collapsing around him, the last Habsburg ruler, Charles I of Austria (who also reigned as Charles IV of Hungary) issued a proclamation recognizing Austria's right to determine the future of the state and renouncing any role in state affairs. Two days later ...
Railway Map of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1874. The Austro-Hungarian Empire realized it needed railways for it had a large population and large territory where travel was difficult. It needed long lines to coastal ports on the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea. The railway system was built for light duty traffic.
As in the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire frequently used liberal economic policies and practices. From the 1860s, businessmen succeeded in industrializing parts of the Empire. Newly prosperous members of the bourgeoisie erected large homes and began to take prominent roles in urban life that rivaled the aristocracy's. In the early ...
Another idea came from Hungarian revolutionary Lajos Kossuth: "True liberty is impossible without federalism". [2] [3] Kossuth proposed to transform the Habsburg Empire into a "Danubian State", a federal republic with autonomous regions. [4] [5] The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary.