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Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. [2][3] Types of friction include dry, fluid, lubricated, skin, and internal -- an incomplete list. The study of the processes involved is called tribology, and has a history of more than 2000 years.
Sliding friction (also called kinetic friction) is a contact force that resists the sliding motion of two objects or an object and a surface. Sliding friction is almost always less than that of static friction; this is why it is easier to move an object once it starts moving rather than to get the object to begin moving from a rest position.
The static friction force will exactly oppose forces applied to an object parallel to a surface up to the limit specified by the coefficient of static friction multiplied by the normal force (). In other words, the magnitude of the static friction force satisfies the inequality: 0 ≤ F s f ≤ μ s f F N . {\displaystyle 0\leq \mathbf {F ...
Equation for the velocity of a body in viscous fluid. In fluid dynamics, Stokes' law is an empirical law for the frictional force – also called drag force – exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid. [1] It was derived by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851 by solving the Stokes flow limit for small Reynolds ...
Traction (mechanics) Traction, traction force or tractive force is a force used to generate motion between a body and a tangential surface, through the use of either dry friction or shear force. [1][2][3][4] It has important applications in vehicles, as in tractive effort. Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and ...
For example, a free body diagram of a block sitting upon an inclined plane can illustrate the combination of gravitational force, "normal" force, friction, and string tension. [ note 4 ] Newton's second law is sometimes presented as a definition of force, i.e., a force is that which exists when an inertial observer sees a body accelerating.
Figure 2: Weight (W), the frictional force (F r), and the normal force (F n) acting on a block.Weight is the product of mass (m) and the acceleration of gravity (g).In the case of an object resting upon a flat table (unlike on an incline as in Figures 1 and 2), the normal force on the object is equal but in opposite direction to the gravitational force applied on the object (or the weight of ...
The frictionless plane is a concept from the writings of Galileo Galilei. In his 1638 The Two New Sciences, [1] Galileo presented a formula that predicted the motion of an object moving down an inclined plane. His formula was based upon his past experimentation with free-falling bodies. [2] However, his model was not based upon experimentation ...