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Also, other structural practices were added to later buildings, such as placing horizontal bond beams to transfer structural loads to the adobe roof. The extension of vigas some feet outside of the wall is a standard practice. This was used for the creation of portales or covered porches.
The top ends of the rafters often meet at a ridge beam, but may butt directly to another rafter to form a pair of rafters called a couple. Depending on the roof covering material, either horizontal laths, battens, or purlins are fixed to the rafters; or boards, plywood, or oriented strand board form the roof deck (also called the sheeting or ...
Timber roof truss example. The top members of a truss are known generically as the top chord, bottom members as the bottom chord, and the interior members as webs.In historic carpentry the top chords are often called rafters, and the bottom chord is often referred to as a tie beam.
They meet at the top of the gable at a ridge beam, which has extra bracing to attach it to the rafters. The purlins are the large beams perpendicular to the rafters; from this shot, it appears that there are three purlins on either side of the roof. The sheathing boards are sometimes called the roof deck and are painted white.
Rafter and tie-beam joints (Carpentry and Joinery, 1925) Coyau or sprocket. Labeled A. A rafter is one of a series of sloped structural members such as steel beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the wall plate, downslope perimeter or eave, and that are designed to support the roof shingles, roof deck, roof covering and its associated ...
A roof with one pair of hammer beams is a single hammerbeam roof. Some roofs have a second pair of hammer beams and are called double hammerbeam roofs (truss). A false hammerbeam roof (truss) has two definitions: There is no hammer post on the hammer beam [4] [5] as sometimes found in a type of arch-brace truss; [6] or
The simplest form of roof framing is a common rafter roof. This roof framing has nothing but rafters and a tie beam at the bottoms of the rafters. The next step in the development of roof framing was to add a collar, called a collar beam roof. Collar beam roofs are suitable for spans up to around (4.5 meters). [5]
The top beams in a truss are called 'top chords' and are typically in compression, the bottom beams are called 'bottom chords', and are typically in tension. The interior beams are called webs, and the areas inside the webs are called panels, [3] or from graphic statics (see Cremona diagram) 'polygons'. [4]