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Fish farming or pisciculture involves commercial breeding of fish, most often for food, in fish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds. It is a particular type of aquaculture , which is the controlled cultivation and harvesting of aquatic animals such as fish, crustaceans , molluscs and so on, in natural or pseudo-natural environments.
The aquaculture of salmonids is the farming and harvesting of salmonid fish under controlled conditions for both commercial and recreational purposes. Salmonids (particularly salmon and rainbow trout), along with carp and tilapia, are the three most important fish groups in aquaculture. [2]
Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture [1]), also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic plants (e.g. lotus).
For trout, stocking rates of 30 to 50 kg/m 3 are normal at the end of a rearing cycle, while for marine species, such as sea bass and sea bream, the achievable load is lower, between 15 and 20 kg/m 3. The total volume required for a raceway is calculated by dividing the total amount of fish in kg by the desired stocking rate in kg per m 3. [17]
A trout farm in Sochi, Russia. As salmonids, trout are coldwater fish that are usually found in cool (50–60 °F or 10–16 °C), clear streams, wetlands and lakes, although many of the species have anadromous populations as well. Juvenile trout are referred to as troutlet, troutling or parr.
Trout have been reared artificially for over 80 years. [23] Rainbow trout broodstocks are commonly manipulated to delay maturation and spawning time in order to provide eggs regularly and optimise supply. [5] Artificial selection has favoured larger fish due to evidence of correlations between fish size and fecundity. [15]
Raising fish in cages in a lake in a relatively undeveloped environment. Urban aquaculture employs water-based systems, the most common, which mostly use cages and pens; land-based systems, which make use of ponds, tanks and raceways; recirculating systems are usually high control enclosed systems, [clarification needed] whereas irrigation is used for livestock fish.
The size, complexity, and types of foods grown in an aquaponic system can vary as much as any system found in either distinct farming discipline. [3] The main fish grown in aquaponics are tilapia, trout, koi, goldfish, carp, catfish, barramundi, and different types of ornamental fish.