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There are over 700 types of amino acids that have been discovered in nature. Almost all of them are α-amino acids. They have been found in: • plants. Amino acids can best be described as the construction blocks from which protein is made.
More than 300 amino acids are found in nature but only 20 amino acids are standard and present in protein because they are coded by genes. Other amino acids are modified amino acids and are called non-protein amino acids.
Your body needs 20 different amino acids to function correctly. Nine of these amino acids are called essential amino acids. Essential amino acids must be consumed through the food you eat.
Amino acids can be classified according to the locations of the core structural functional groups (alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) amino acids, etc.); other categories relate to polarity, ionization, and side-chain group type (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, polar, etc.).
Table of 20 amino acids derived from proteins with the amino acid's name, common abbreviation and symbol, linear structure and skeletal structure.
All amino acids have the same basic structure, which is shown in Figure 2.1. At the “center” of each amino acid is a carbon called the α carbon and attached to it are four groups - a hydrogen, an α- carboxyl group, an α-amine group, and an R-group, sometimes referred to as a side chain.
A single organic amino acid molecule contains two functional groups – amine and carboxyl – and a unique side chain. Humans require twenty different amino acids; eleven are synthesized in the body and nine obtained from dietary sources.
amino acid, any of a group of organic molecules that consist of a basic amino group (―NH 2), an acidic carboxyl group (―COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) that is unique to each amino acid.
Based on the variable group, the classification of amino acids falls into four categories: nonpolar, polar, negatively charged, and positively charged. Of the set of 20 amino acids, eleven can be made naturally by the body and are termed nonessential amino acids.
Nutritionally, amino acids are divided into 3 groups—essential, nonessential, and semi-essential. Semi-essential amino acids are synthesized by the body but are designated essential during periods of stress.