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Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It provides organisms with nutrients , which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures.
Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and good health. [1] Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security, or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements. [2]
Nutritional science (also nutrition science, sometimes short nutrition, dated trophology [1]) is the science that studies the physiological process of nutrition (primarily human nutrition), interpreting the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.
A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequate fibre and food energy. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A healthy diet may contain fruits, vegetables, and whole grains , and may include little to no ultra-processed foods or sweetened beverages .
People on a balanced vegetarian or vegan diet can obtain adequate nutrition, but may need to specifically focus on consuming specific nutrients, such as protein, iron, calcium, zinc, and vitamin B 12. [4] [2] [5] Raw foodism and intuitive eating are other approaches to dietary choices. Education, income, local availability, and mental health ...
By definition, phytochemicals include all nutritional and non-nutritional components of edible plants. [36] Included as nutritional constituents are provitamin A carotenoids , [ 37 ] whereas those without nutrient status are diverse polyphenols , flavonoids , resveratrol , and lignans that are present in numerous plant foods. [ 38 ]
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
A sample nutrition facts label, with instructions from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration [1] Nutrition facts placement for two Indonesian cartons of milk The nutrition facts label (also known as the nutrition information panel, and other slight variations [which?]) is a label required on most packaged food in many countries, showing what nutrients and other ingredients (to limit and get ...