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Schematic drawing of a hydrometer. The lower the density of the fluid, the deeper the weighted float B sinks. The depth is read off the scale A.. A hydrometer or lactometer is an instrument used for measuring density or relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy.
On this scale, a specific gravity of 1.000 is reported as 0, and a specific gravity of 2.000 is reported as 200. [1] For example, concentrated sulfuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.8 has a Twaddell scale measurement of 160, reflecting the linear relationship between readings and specific gravity. The Twaddell scale is used exclusively for ...
Before standardization on specific gravity around the time of World War II the Baumé scale was generally used in industrial chemistry and pharmacology for the measurement of density of liquids. Today the Baumé scale is still used in various industries such as sugar beet processing , ophthalmics, starch industry, winemaking, industrial water ...
Hydrometer selection: An appropriate API gravity hydrometer is chosen based on the expected range of the sample. These hydrometers are typically calibrated to read API gravity directly. [7] Measurement: The hydrometer is gently lowered into the sample contained in a cylindrical vessel. It is allowed to float freely until it reaches equilibrium.
Since API gravity is an inverse measure of a liquid's density relative to that of water, it can be calculated by first dividing the liquid's density by the density of water at a base temperature (usually 60 °F) to compute Specific Gravity (SG), then converting the Specific Gravity to Degrees API as follows: = =
In the hydrometer tests, the soil particles are mixed with water and shaken to produce a dilute suspension in a glass cylinder, and then the cylinder is left to sit. A hydrometer is used to measure the density of the suspension as a function of time. Clay particles may take several hours to settle past the depth of measurement of the hydrometer.
A United States Navy Aviation boatswain's mate tests the specific gravity of JP-5 fuel. Relative density, also called specific gravity, [1] [2] is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.
The term specific heat may also refer to the ratio between the specific heat capacities of a substance at a given temperature and of a reference substance at a reference temperature, such as water at 15 °C; [5] much in the fashion of specific gravity. Specific heat capacity is also related to other intensive measures of heat capacity with ...
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