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The independent Republic of Singapore, following the confirmation of its past as the Kingdom of Singapura through its archaeology, has promoted Singapura's history as a regional emporium, showcasing it in the Maritime Experiential Museum on Sentosa [69] and incorporating the chronicle of Sang Nila Utama into its primary school social sciences ...
The English name of "Singapore" is an anglicisation of the native Malay name for the country, Singapura (pronounced), which was in turn derived from the Sanskrit word for 'lion city' (Sanskrit: सिंहपुर; romanised: Siṃhapura; Brahmi: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀧𑀼𑀭; literally "lion city"; siṃha means 'lion', pura means 'city' or 'fortress'). [9]
The early historic evidence of Singapura points to earlier settlements, with discoveries in nearby areas providing deeper insights. A microlithic tool factory in Jalahalli indicates human presence dating back 2,500 to 3,000 years, and the discovery of Roman coins in Yeswanthpur suggests ancient trade connections in the area thousands of years ago.
Some argued that Singapura was named after the "lion throne" Parameswara established in Palembang as a challenge to the Majapahit empire, and for which he was expelled from Palembang. [28] Parameswara held the island of Singapore for a number of years, until further attacks from either the Majapahit or the Ayutthaya kingdom in Siam forced him ...
However, by the time the Portuguese arrived in the early 16th century, Singapura had already become "great ruins" according to Alfonso de Albuquerque. [23] [24] In 1511, the Portuguese seized Malacca; the sultan of Malacca escaped south and established the Johor Sultanate, and Singapore then became part of the sultanate.
In the 14th century a Malay Kingdom of Singapura was established, and it promptly attracted a Majapahit navy that regarded it as Tumasik, a rebellious colony. Singapura was finally sacked by Majapahit in 1398, [ 60 ] [ 61 ] [ 62 ] after approximately 1 month long siege by 300 jong and 200,000 men.
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Kedah Sultanate: 1136– present Samudera Pasai Sultanate: 1267–1521: Brunei Sultanate: 1368– present Malacca Sultanate: 1402–1511: Sulu Sultanate: 1450–1899: Pahang Sultanate