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A distal phalanx is one of the tubular long bones found in each of the fingers [1, 2]. It is also referred to as the terminal phalanx. Like the other long bones in the hands, each distal phalanx is separated into a head, body or shaft, and a base [3].
The distal phalanges, as compared with the distal phalanges of the finger, are smaller and are flattened from above downward; each presents a broad base for articulation with the corresponding bone of the second row, and an expanded distal extremity for the support of the nail and end of the toe.
Distal phalanx fractures represent common sports and work-related injuries, accounting for approximately half of all hand fractures [1-3]. These fractures are commonly caused by trauma or crush injuries. The middle finger is most often affected, followed by the thumb.
Each hand has five distal phalanges, which look shorter and slightly thicker compared to the previous two sets. Each distal phalanx has a base, body and head. The base has a double articular facet which matches the shape of the head of the middle phalanx. The distal phalanges have a smooth and round dorsal surface.
Distal phalanx fractures are among the most common fractures in the hand. They represent > 50% of all phalangeal fractures and frequently involve the ungual tuft 1. They are frequently related to sports, with lesions such as the mallet finger and the Jersey finger.
Phalanges. The phalanges are the bones of the fingers. Each phalanx consists of a base, a shaft and a head. The thumb has a proximal and distal phalanx, while the rest of the digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges.
The distal phalanx of the index finger is one of the fourteen phalangeal bones of the hand. It’s classified as a long bone and includes the following bony features: - parts: head, body, and base; - landmarks: tuberosity and articular facet. More information regarding these bony features can be found in the Parts and Landmarks tabs for this bone.